You’ll quickly learn that while CSVs are easy to read, Parquet is the gold standard for big data. It’s a columnar storage format that drastically reduces disk I/O and speeds up queries.

Operations like .count() or .show() trigger the actual computation.

Operations like .filter() or .select() don’t execute immediately. Spark builds a logical plan.

Try loading a 1GB dataset as a CSV and then as a Parquet file in Spark. You’ll see an immediate difference in load times and memory usage. 3. Processing: Thinking in Transformations