: Survived the Roman collapse. Emperor Justinian (527–565 AD) codified laws and built the Hagia Sophia.
: Charles the Great expanded Frankish borders and became Emperor (800 AD). After his death, the empire split (Treaty of Verdun, 843 AD), forming the basis for France, Germany, and Italy. : Survived the Roman collapse
: Islam emerged in the 7th century through Muhammad. The Arabs conquered vast lands from Spain to India, creating a rich culture that preserved Greek science. Life in the Middle Ages the empire split (Treaty of Verdun