Para 26 in the textbook (authored by V. V. Noskov and T. P. Andreevskaya) typically covers The Decline of the Ottoman Empire or the processes of modernization and colonial expansion in Asia.
: Sought access to the Mediterranean through the Black Sea straits (Bosphorus and Dardanelles). Para 26 in the textbook (authored by V
: The international issue of what to do with the Ottoman Empire's land as it weakened. Para 26 in the textbook (authored by V