The Byzantine Empire was defined by two catastrophic plague eras: the (6th–8th centuries) and the Black Death (14th–15th centuries) . These pandemics fundamentally reshaped the empire’s military, economy, and social structure. I. Historical Overview
The "First Plague Pandemic" began with the in 541 AD, originating in Egypt or Ethiopia and reaching the capital, Constantinople, by 542 AD. Plague in Byzantine Times: A Historical and Med...