A radiopaque contrast medium is injected directly into a bile duct in the liver through the skin using a specialized needle (often a "Chiba" needle). X-ray images, known as a cholangiogram , are then taken to identify blockages, narrowing, or stones.
The following report analyzes the three primary contexts associated with "PTHC" and "TIEM." PTHC TIEM
1. Medical Context: Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography (PTHC) A radiopaque contrast medium is injected directly into