Eliade defines shamanism not as a religion in itself, but as a "healing or helping technology" embedded within various cosmological frameworks. The defining characteristic of a shaman is the ability to intentionally enter an —or "ecstasy"—during which their soul is believed to leave the body.
This journey typically involves an ascent to the sky or a descent to the underworld to interact with spirits. Shamanism: Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy
Unlike those who are "possessed" against their will, Eliade characterizes true shamans by their control over spirits and their ability to enter and exit trance at will. Global Scope and Historical Context Eliade defines shamanism not as a religion in